NPV Calculator and Other Financial Tools
This page runs several money calculations in one place: an NPV calculator, a gross rental yield calculator, and a link to the periodic rate of return solver. Type your amounts in one currency, keep every period the same length, and read the rules and the result directly under each form.
Net Present Value Calculator
Gross Rental Yield Calculator
Open the IRR calculator
Enter periodic cash flows to solve for IRR, including multiple possible roots and search-domain limits.
NPV example
The form adds up each flow divided by one plus the periodic rate, raised to that flow's period number. Period 0 is the first line and is never discounted. Enter -2000, then 1000, 1000 and 1000 on the next three lines, with a discount rate of 10. The three later flows are worth 909.09, 826.45 and 751.31, which sum to 2486.85. The period 0 outflow still counts as its full -2000, so the result line reads 486.85.
Gross rental yield example
Gross annual yield divides annual rent by property price and multiplies by 100. Rent of 12000 against a price of 200000 gives 6.00 percent, and rent of 9500 against 150000 gives 6.33 percent. Both amounts have to be in the same currency, and a price of zero is refused as a zero denominator. The figure is gross: the rule text on that form states that it excludes expenses, taxes, financing, vacancies and capital growth.
Cash flow list rules
The cash flow box takes one signed decimal amount per line, earliest period first. A line may hold a leading plus or minus sign, digits, and a dot with decimals, up to 100 characters. Commas, currency symbols and exponents are not read. At most 41 lines are accepted, so period numbers run from 0 to 40. A blank line inside the list, or any line the parser cannot read, brings back the message asking for 1 to 41 valid cash flows instead of a number.
Discount rate per period
The rate field is a percentage for one period, not for a year unless your periods are years. It takes anything greater than -100 and up to 100000, with at most six decimal places. Each flow is divided by one plus that rate, raised to its own period number. Flows of -100 and 110 at a rate of 10 give 0.00, because 110 discounted over one period is exactly 100. The same two flows at -10 give 22.22, because a negative rate grows later amounts instead of shrinking them.
Exact arithmetic and rounding
Inputs are read as exact decimal rationals and combined with integer arithmetic, so repeated runs on the same list produce the same digits. Rounding to two decimal places happens once, at the end, and rounds halves away from zero in size. Flows of -1, 0.5 and 0.5 at a rate of 100 work out to an exact -0.625, which the status line shows as -0.63. A negative total small enough to round to zero prints as 0.00 with no minus sign.
Result states you will see
Before you submit, the status line reads 'Enter the values, then calculate.' While a run is in progress the button and every field are disabled and the status shows the calculating message. A finished run replaces the status with the net present value sentence on the first form and the gross annual rental yield sentence on the second. A rejected input names the field in its own label, marks that field invalid, and moves focus to it when the run ends. Typing in any field returns the panel to the ready state.
Limits of these two forms
One rate is applied to every period, so a different rate per year cannot be entered. Periods are assumed to be equal in length, and each flow after period 0 is treated as arriving at the end of its period. Nothing inside the maths converts currencies, adds inflation, or adjusts for tax and interest. Amounts typed in one currency come back in that currency. The output restates the figures you gave it rather than predicting a return.
Adjacent tools for the same list
The link under the two forms opens the internal rate of return page. That page takes the same style of cash flow list, needs at least two lines, searches a stated rate range, and reports when more than one rate fits or when no rate exists in range. The related tools row below the questions points to the CPM page and the percentage page, which use the same kind of decimal fields and single rate inputs.
Frequently asked questions
Can I use this NPV calculator for monthly cash flows?
Yes, as long as the rate matches the period length. Put the monthly rate in the rate field and one amount per month, beginning with the month of the outflow. The hint under the rate field states that a yearly rate is suitable only for yearly periods, so a monthly list needs a monthly figure beside it.
Why is the first cash flow not discounted?
Period numbering starts at zero on the first line, and the divisor is one plus the rate raised to the period number. Anything at period zero is divided by one, so it enters the total at face value. That is why an immediate outflow keeps its full size while every later line is shrunk by the rate.
What happens if a line contains a comma or a currency symbol?
The decimal reader accepts an optional sign, digits, and a dot for decimals, so a comma, a currency sign, or an exponent makes that line unreadable. The form then returns the message asking for 1 to 41 valid cash flows, one per line, and produces no number. Remove the separators and submit the same list again.
How long a cash flow list does the form accept?
Up to 41 lines, which covers period 0 through period 40. A longer list is refused with the same cash flow message before any arithmetic runs. A 30 year monthly schedule would need 361 lines, so work in shorter horizons or restate the plan as one amount per period of a longer length.
Does a negative result tell me to reject the plan?
No. These forms do not rank decisions, and the rule text stays on screen for that reason. A negative output only says that, at the rate you entered, the discounted later lines add up to less than the outflows at period zero. Flows of -1000 then three lines of 400 at a rate of 10 give -5.26.
Is the gross rental yield figure a return on the purchase?
It is the ratio of one year of rent to the price, times 100, and nothing more. The rule paragraph on that form names what it leaves out: expenses, taxes, financing, vacancies and capital growth. Rent of 12000 on a price of 200000 shows as 6.00 percent, and rent of 9500 on 150000 shows as 6.33 percent.